ChromeMUSE is a fantastic URL shortening and lengthening plugin for Google's Chrome browser. It has a variety of options, but is simple and doesn't clutter up your browser like some plugins can.
The essense of URL shortening is based in need for space. Twitter was the first web service that totally embraced the idea that less could be more, and URL shorteners like bit.ly and is.gd sprung up to provide users with links which were tiny, and so could fit into their 140 character limit.
After ...